<p>Maesyronnen Chapel is about 1 mi north of the village of Glasbury, Powys, Wales. It is designated by Cadw as a Grade I listed building. The chapel is one of the earliest Nonconformist chapels to be built in Wales, and is the only chapel existing from that time to be largely unchanged and still in use as a chapel. It is currently administered by the United Reformed Church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1689 the Act of Toleration granted Nonconformists freedom to worship in their own buildings without certain legal strictures that had formerly applied. Maesyronnen Chapel was one of the earliest buildings in Wales to be created for this purpose. It was developed from an existing longhouse (a farmhouse with an attached cattle-shed), the cattle-shed being converted into a chapel and the farmhouse used by the caretaker. The conversion took place in the 1690s, either in 1691 or in 1696&ndash;97. It was registered as a chapel in 1697 and was used by a congregation which had been meeting in secret in a barn nearby since the 1640s. The chapel was built on land given by Charles Lloyd, squire of Maesllwch. The original farmhouse would have been a substantial building dating from the Elizabethan era. At some time it was replaced by a much smaller house, a chapel-house, for the minister. The original roof was replaced in the 18th century and the floor, formerly beaten earth, was flagged.</p><br>
<p>In 1980 the chapel received a grant for repairs, having been recognised as a building of "outstanding architectural and historic importance" by the Historic Buildings Council. The chapel re-opened for worship in the spring of 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The plan of the chapel is that of a simple rectangle, measuring about 55 ft by 26 ft. The small house is attached to its western side.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The ceiling is barrel-vaulted, and divided into six bays. Much of the 18th-century furniture is still present in the chapel. The interior is dominated by the pulpit, that stands in the middle of the long wall opposite the entrance. Behind it is a window, which both provides light for the preacher, and surrounds him with a "halo". In front of the pulpit is a large table, two benches (which are dated 1728), and another table which is used for communion. The communion table is dated 1727. Also in the church are box pews, and some simple backless benches. On the walls are memorials dating from the early 19th century that include inscriptions in Latin.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>The chapel is used by the United Reformed Church who hold services there every Sunday morning. It is accessible to wheelchair users and there is some limited parking for cars. The attached cottage is administered by the Landmark Trust and is available to be rented for holidays.</p><br>
<p>Smith-Ely Mansion is a historic home located at Clyde in Wayne County, New York. It is a large, 2½-story brick masonry residence featuring elements of the Classical Revival style. The original house was built about 1850 and extensively altered in 1875–1877. That renovation added an extensive verandah and 3-story tower. The front is dominated by a colossal, four-columned portico added during a renovation dated to 1908–1911.</p><br>
<p>The Erie Mansion has been known through the years as the Smith-Ely Mansion. Today it has been transformed into a bed and breakfast and renamed The Erie Mansion This 43-room, three-story, 12,000-square-foot mansion was built in 1858 in Clyde, NY – a stone&#39;s throw from the Erie Canal.</p><br>
<p>This historic landmark was originally constructed as an Italianate style home for Dr. & Mrs. Smith. Their daughter Eugenia married Charles Ely, owner of the Clyde Glass Works which was one of the largest glass companies in the world during the Erie Canal era. They transformed the home into the stately mansion you see today. Construction was completed in 1910 and the Ely family lived there for two generations. The home has had a colorful and notorious history as a private residence for various families, a veterans&#39; home and multi-family low-income housing, until its condemnation in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The mansion stood vacant for two years until local real estate investor Mark Wright spotted the house for sale. Realizing the historic significance and potential of the home (it is listed in the Department of the Interior&#39;s National Register of Historic Places), Wright purchased it in April 2008 for his private residence.</p><br>
<p>Surprisingly through all its transformations the house has retained much of its original craftsmanship. Fireplaces with unique marble from different countries, massive mahogany and teak mantles, parquet floors, gold leaf wall coverings, ornately carved beams and pillars, and stained and leaded glass. The walls have history and the grandeur of the past and the exquisite craftsmanship is still visible today. From the gold leaf wall coverings in the former music room to the parquet floors, 12 fireplaces (many of different imported marble), mahogany and teak mantles, 23 chandeliers, stained glass and fine carved woodwork and columns.</p><br>
<p>Wright and his staff set to renovating and restoring the home to its former glory when it began. The daily visits by the locals recalling their favorite ghost stories of the mansion, the workers on the renovation project and visitors hearing and seeing strange unexplainable events. One worker was so upset by this that he refused to work inside the house alone. With such an overwhelming number of stories and occurrences, Wright decided to share his home with the public and The Erie Mansion Bed & Breakfast was created.</p><br>
<p>Renamed for its closeness to the Erie Canal, innkeeper Mark Wright has restored the first two floors into four luxurious themed suites each with a private bath, and opened the doors as a bed and breakfast. The third floor houses two more private suites not accessible to the public.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Green Paddocks  is a house in Pulford, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History and critique</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1872 for Hugh Grosvenor (then the 3rd Marquess of Westminster and later the 1st Duke of Westminster), and designed by the Chester architect John Douglas. In his biography of Douglas, Edward Hubbard states that it is "remarkable... for the care and expense lavished on it".</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Green Paddocks is constructed in brown brick with red tile roofs; it has two storeys and attics. The entrance front is symmetrical in three bays, with the central bay projecting forwards. The central bay has an arched doorway with a twelve-panelled door. Above this is panelled brickwork and a mullioned window, and over this is a pargetted gable. The lateral bays have mullioned windows in both lower storeys, and in the attics. Above these are shaped gables. The roof is steeply hipped, and at the rear is a small turret-like roof.</p><br>
<p>Internally, great care has been given to detail, particularly in the staircase, the doors, and the fireplace in the front room. Some of the panelled mahogany doors had been brought in from a demolished Victorian hotel.</p><br>
<p>The Pegu Range  is a range of low mountains or hills and uplands between the Irrawaddy and the Sittaung River in central Burma . The range runs from Mount Popa in the north to Singguttara Hill  in the south. Both the Pegu River and the Sittaung River originate in the Pegu Range.</p><br>
<h2>High points</h2><br>
<p>Among the notable peaks or hilltops are 1,518 m high Mount Popa, a stratovolcano, Binhontaung 2,003 ft, Kodittaung 1,885 ft, Phoe-Oo Taung and Singguttara Hill (Theingottara Hill).</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Pegu Range consists of folded and faulted Paleogene marine sediments combined with more recent volcanics.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Shwedagon Pagoda was built sometime before 1000 A.D. on Singguttara Hill.</p><br>
<p>The Pegu Range was the original site of the 1930-1931 Saya San uprising against the British. Saya San raised the flag of independence on Alantaung Hill near Tharrawaddy.</p><br>
<p>Later the Pegu Range became a center for the Communist Party of Burma.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The northern end of the Pegu merges into the Burmese Dry Belt, while in the south there is over 80 inches of rainfall a year. The hills of the Pegu Range were originally heavily forested with teak and other commercially exploitable hardwoods. The southern forests were "ironwood forests", while the central and northern forests were teak. Extensive logging has caused the present deforestation and increased erosion in the area.</p><br>
<p>Eprapah Creek  is a sub-tropical stream located in Redland City close to Brisbane in South East Queensland, Australia.</p><br>
<p>It rises on the north-eastern slopes of Mount Cotton and flows directly to the Moreton Bay at Victoria Point. It is 12.6 km long with about 3.8 km of estuarine zone. In the latter, the water depth is typically about one to two m mid-stream, the width is about 20 to 30 m and the tides are semi-diurnal with a range of about two m. The catchment (~ 39 square kilometers area) is mostly urban in the lower reaches and semi rural/rural residential in the upper reaches.</p><br>
<p>The creek includes several conservation areas such as Eprapah hosting endangered species, e.g. koalas, swamp wallabies, sea eagles.</p><br>
<h2>Water quality</h2><br>
<p>The water quality and ecology have been closely monitored at Eprapah Creek (Victoria Point, Queensland) over thirty years by Redland Shire Council, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and local community groups. The creek was heavily polluted in 1998 by illegal discharges of tributyl-tin (TBT) and chemical residues. Although the estuarine zone includes two environmental parks, there are some marinas and boat yards, and a major sewage plant discharge that affect the natural system. The upstream catchment has been adversely affected by large-scale poultry farms, wineries, land clearance and semi-urban development. The recent works included the constructions of new shopping centres and residential lots less than 500 metres from the estuary in 2003-04.</p><br>
<h2>Turbulent mixing in Eprapah Creek estuary</h2><br>
<p>Between 2003 and 2007, a series of field studies were performed in the estuarine zone of Eprapah Creek that is a typical small coastal plain type. The aim of these field studies was to investigate the turbulence and turbulent mixing properties in the estuarine zone. During these studies, high frequency turbulence and physio-chemistry data were collected continuously over a relatively long duration (up to 50 h), and the findings have direct implications on the modelling of small estuaries. The studies showed that the response of the turbulence and water quality properties were distinct under spring and neap tidal forcing and behaved differently in the middle and upper estuarine zones. The behaviour of turbulence properties to spring tidal forcing differed from that observed in larger estuaries and seemed unique to small estuarine systems. An investigation of several key turbulence parameters used in the modelling of estuarine mixing showed that many assumptions used in larger estuaries must be applied with caution or are simply untrue in small estuaries. For example, the assumption that the mixing coefficient parameters are constant over the tidal cycle in a small estuary is simply untrue. These distinctions between the turbulence and mixing properties in small and large estuarine systems highlight the need for the continued study of small estuaries, so this type of system can be properly understood.</p><br>
<p>Like most small subtropical estuaries, Eprapah Creek is characterised by short-lived freshwater flushing, and basically no flow during the dry season. A recent field study highlighted the short-term impact of a rainstorm on a small subtropical estuary. The flushing appeared to be caused primarily by the rainfall runoff from the nearby shopping centres, parkings and roadways. In the estuary, the surface flows were dominated by the freshwater flushing including during the flood tide. Some strong vertical stratification of the water column was observed at all sampling locations, but the longitudinal distributions of dissolved oxygen and turbidity showed a quasi-homogeneous estuarine system, in sharp contrasts with dry weather data sets. The salinity data highlighted the advective diffusion of the freshwater plume. The observed saltwater intrusion data exhibited a dome-shaped intrusion curve, and the data followed an analytical model. The analytical solution provided a simple physical model of the salt dispersion in the alluvial estuary. It showed the significance of density-driven mixing in the upper estuary during wet weather conditions.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Whitney Fish Hatchery, located in Independence, California, in the United States, is an historic fish hatchery that has played an important role in the preservation of the golden trout, California&#39;s state fish.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The facility was built and operated by the California State Fish & Game Commission, now known as the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Starting in 1915, the citizens of Independence began a local fundraising drive to purchase a site for a proposed state fish hatchery. $1,500.00 was raised, and an ideal 40 acre site was purchased on Oak Creek, just north of the town. Fish and Game Commissioner M. J. Connell instructed the design team led by Charles Dean of the State Department of Engineering "to design a building that would match the mountains, would last forever, and would be a showplace for all time." The architectural style they chose is Tudor Revival. Construction began in March, 1916, with a final budget of approximately $60,000.00. The walls of the building are constructed using 3,500 ST of native granite collected within a quarter mile (400 m) of the site. The walls are two to three feet (600 to 900 mm) thick. The roof is red Spanish tile made in Lincoln, California.</p><br>
<h2>Operation</h2><br>
<p>When construction was completed in 1917, it was the largest and best equipped hatchery in California and could produce 2,000,000 fish fry per year. Initially, fish eggs were collected from the Rae Lakes and were transported to the hatchery by mule train. Since 1918, golden trout eggs have been collected from the Cottonwood Lakes. This program is the sole source of California golden trout eggs, currently operated by the nearby Black Rock Fish Hatchery since the closure of Mt Whitney Hatchery in 2008.</p><br>
<p>In July 1931, the Mount Whitney Fish Hatchery and the Colorado Fish Commission traded 30,000 Colorado River cutthroat trout eggs for 25,000 golden trout eggs. The resulting Colorado cutthroat fry were planted in remote High Sierra lakes at very high elevations. Over the following 50 years, the population in Colorado became endangered due to habitat destruction and interbreeding with other species of trout. The cutthroats now living in California remained pure. In 1987, California and Colorado cooperated to transplant 50 genetically pure cutthroats back to a remote lake in Rocky Mountain National Park, where they thrived.</p><br>
<h2>Proposed closure</h2><br>
<p>In 1996, the California Department of Fish and Game proposed closing the hatchery due to budget cuts. Local and statewide opposition to the closure developed, and instead, a plan was approved to save the facility in order to "provide the public with an interpretation of the historical significance of the hatchery, knowledge of the hatchery&#39;s function and an understanding of our natural resources". Legislation was passed designating the "Friends of the Mt. Whitney Fish Hatchery" as a private group authorized to lease part of the hatchery in order to maintain and preserve it, in coordination with the State Office of Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<h2>Wildfire and mudslide</h2><br>
<p>On July 5, 2007, a 55,000 acre wildfire burned upstream to the west of the Mount Whitney Fish Hatchery. As a result, a year later, on July 12, 2008, a heavy thunderstorm caused a massive mudslide in the fire-scarred Oak Creek watershed that swept downstream, severely damaging the ponds and water supplies of the hatchery, as well as two employee housing units. The main building escaped major damage. The Friends of the Mt. Whitney Fish Hatchery organized restoration work that allowed the interpretive center and display pond to re-open on May 30, 2009. However, the future of full-scale hatchery production is uncertain.</p><br>
<p>The first group of fish to come out of the hatchery in three years were planted in Diaz Lake, and a Kids Fishing Day was held in May, 2010. An expanded interpretive center is in the planning stages.</p><br>
<p>Hela Hela Pass, also known as Helehele Pass, is situated in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa, on the road between Richmond and Donnybrook.</p><br>
<h2>Route</h2><br>
<p>Access to the pass is by a fairly steep dirt road into the Umkomaas Valley that continues to a bridge that crosses the Umkomaas River at an altitude of 548m. The pass rises by 651m over 7,19 km to reach the summit at an altitude of 1199m. There are gradients of 1:6 on certain sections of the pass which make it treacherous when wet.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of the Name</h2><br>
<p>There are several versions of the origins of the name of the pass, the most plausible being that due to thick impenetrable bush in the area, the local herders cut a pathway to the grasslands at the top, but this pathway was so narrow that they had to walk in single file. The Zulu word for single file is "ihela ihela".</p><br>
<p>Kilcash Castle is a ruined castle off the N24 road just west of Ballydine in County Tipperary, Ireland. The castle is currently ruined and is in the care of the Irish State. The Butler dynasty has important links to the area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The main castle building is a fortified tower dating from the sixteenth-century. An adjoining hall was added at a later date, when the need for defence gave way to the large windows associated with settled times.</p><br>
<p>The castle was visited by James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven, a noted Confederate Catholic commander in the 1641-52 war, who wrote his memoirs at Kilcash where his sister, Lady Frances, was married to another Confederate commander, Richard Butler of Kilcash (d. 1701).</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century, the castle fell into ruin after parts of the Kilcash estate were sold c. 1800. During the Irish Civil War, the castle was occupied by anti-treaty forces in an attempt to slow the approach of pro-treaty forces towards Clonmel. They were finally dislodged by artillery fire under the command of General Prout, further damaging the already dilapidated structure.</p><br>
<p>By the late twentieth century the castle was in a dangerous state of repair. As of 2011, the castle was undergoing extensive repairs to prevent it from collapsing.</p><br>
<p>Near the castle are the remains of a medieval church with a Romanesque doorway. This building was partially repaired in the 1980s and is now safe to visit. In the graveyard, the mausoleum (a building nearly as large as the church) contains the tombs of Archbishop Christopher Butler (1673–1757), Margaret, Viscountess Iveagh (see below), Walter Butler, the 16th Earl of Ormond (d. 1773) and John Butler, the 17th Earl (d. 1795). Some of the eighteenth-century headstones are carved with elaborate scenes of the crucifixion.</p><br>
<h2>Lament for Kilcash</h2><br>
<p>The castle is best known for the song "A Lament for Kilcash" (Cill Chais) which mourns the death of Margaret Butler, Viscountess Iveagh (d. 1744), who, after the death of her first husband, married to Colonel Thomas Butler of Kilcash (d. 1738). The song was traditionally ascribed to Fr John Lane (d. 1776) but the woods lamented in its first stanza were not sold until 1797 and 1801, long after Lane&#39;s death. The earliest manuscripts of the poem date from the mid nineteenth century. Its first stanza reads:</p><br>
<p>(translation by Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin)</p><br>
<p>City Hospital  was a historic hospital on Roosevelt Island, Manhattan in New York City.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally named Penitentiary Hospital and located on what was then known as Blackwells Island, the first hospital was built in 1832 to serve the prisoners housed at Blackwells Penitentiary. After the hospital was destroyed by a fire in 1858, architect James Renwick, Jr. designed a new building to be called City Hospital, on which prisoners completed construction in 1861. It served both inmates and New York City&#39;s poorer population. In 1870, the hospital was renamed Charity Hospital and a medical superintendent was hired after the quality of care was criticized. The city changed the name of the island to Welfare Island to reflect the mission of the institutions located there.</p><br>
<h2>Abandonment</h2><br>
<p>The prison closed in 1935, and the hospital was closed in 1957, when operations for Charity Hospital and Smallpox Hospital were moved to Queens. The building, designed in the Second Empire style, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, but not given protected landmark status. The hospital was demolished in 1994, with stones salvaged from the structure used to the line paths in the Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park, which was constructed on the southern tip of the island.</p><br>
<p>The Smallpox Hospital, sometimes referred to as the Renwick Smallpox Hospital and later the Maternity and Charity Hospital Training School, is an abandoned hospital located on Roosevelt Island in Manhattan, New York City. Originally designed by architect James Renwick Jr., the 100-bed hospital opened in 1856, when the area was known as Blackwell&#39;s Island.</p><br>
<p>A century after it opened, the hospital was closed, and the building eventually fell into disrepair. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and designated a New York City Landmark four years later, the only ruin in the city with that designation. After the completion of an ongoing $4.5 million stabilization project, the Smallpox Hospital ruins will be open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The hospital is situated in an otherwise undeveloped area at the southern tip of the island. Renwick designed the main building. The south wing, built in 1903-04, was designed by York & Sawyer, while the north wing (1904–05) was designed by Renwick, Aspinwall & Owen. When completed, it was a three-story, nine-bay U-shaped structure faced in granite veneer in a random ashlar pattern over load-bearing rubble masonry. The central block has a hipped roof, with corbeled crenelated parapets on the projecting sections, with a simple cornice on the non-projecting sections. Crenelated polygonal chimneys rise from the southeast side of the main block. The two wings, which project from the ends of the northwest (front) facade, had mansard roofs.</p><br>
<p>At the center of the front facade is the main entrance. It has a porch open on three sides, oriel window above and projecting corbeled feature above the roofline. A wide pointed arch holds the main entrance. Though designed in the Gothic Revival style, all of the windows on the third floor have pointed arches rather than curves, unusual for that architectural style.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Hospital and school</h3><br>
<p>Despite the availability of the smallpox vaccine, New York City still had large outbreaks of the disease, in part because of the arrival of infected immigrants. In deference to the changing use of the island, in 1921 Blackwell&#39;s Island was renamed Welfare Island, and many of the structures there fell into disrepair as they became obsolete. In the 1950s, both Charity Hospital and the nurses school were closed, and their operations moved to new buildings in Queens.</p><br>
<h3>"Renwick Ruin"</h3><br>
<p>Both buildings fell into disrepair, eventually becoming ruins. In the 1970s, architect Giorgio Cavaglieri inspected them both, making plans to reinforce the walls of the Smallpox Hospital. In 1973, Welfare Island was renamed as Roosevelt Island after former President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Often referred to as the Renwick Ruin, the Neo-Gothic ruins have been illuminated nightly since 1995, in a somewhat successful effort to raise funds for stabilizing the structure. However, on December 26, 2007, a section of the north wing collapsed, adding an urgency to preservation plans. On May 28, 2009, ground was broken on a new park on Roosevelt Island that includes plans to stabilize the Smallpox Hospital, a memorial to Franklin D. Roosevelt, and a 14 acre public area. After a $4.5 million stabilization project, the Smallpox Hospital ruins will be open to the public.</p><br>
<p>According to the AIA Guide to New York City, the remains of the Smallpox Hospital have the quality that architectural historian Paul Zucker, in his 1968 book Fascination of Decay, ascribed to ruins in general: "n expression of an eerie romantic mood... a palpable documentation of a period in the past... something which recalls a specific concept of architectural space and proportion." The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, in its 1976 report designating the ruins a New York City landmark, speculated that "The Smallpox Hospital could easily become the American equivalent of the great Gothic ruins of England, such as the late 13th century Tintern Abbey in Monmouthshire, which has been admired and cherished since the 18th century as a romantic ruin," and described the building as "a picturesque ruin, one that could readily serve as the setting for a 19th century Gothic romance."</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>In City of Bones, Renwick Smallpox Hospital was used by Valentine Morgenstern and other members of The Circle as a hideout. The hospital contained only one of two portals in New York City, which were both later destroyed.</p><br>
<p>The hospital ruins feature prominently in the video game Grand Theft Auto IV, set in a fictionalized version of New York City.</p><br>
<p>Strecker Memorial Laboratory is a historic building located in Southpoint Park on Roosevelt Island in New York City.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1892 to serve as a laboratory for City Hospital, it was "the first institution in the nation for pathological and bacteriological research." The building was designed by architects Frederick Clarke Withers and Walter Dickson in the Romanesque Revival style.</p><br>
<p>In 1907, the Russell Sage Institute of Pathology took over the running of the lab. The institute left the lab in the 1950s, and it fell into disrepair.</p><br>
<p>In 1972, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, and in 1976 it was designated a New York City landmark. New York City&#39;s Metropolitan Transportation Authority decided to use the structure to house a power conversion substation there to power trains that run underneath Roosevelt Island. The city faithfully restored the building, and the substation has been active since 2000.</p><br>
<p>Old St. Peters Church and Old Cemetery, also known as St. Peters Church of Cortlandt is a historic Episcopal church and cemetery at Oregon Road and Locust Avenue in Van Cortlandtville, Westchester County, New York. The church was built in 1766 and measures 28 feet by 36 feet. It is a wood frame building sheathed in clapboards and was restored in 1964. The nearby Elmsford Reformed Church was built in 1793 and is a close replica.</p><br>
<p>The church served as a military hospital during 1781-1782. The cemetery includes graves of eight French soldiers, from Rochambeau&#39;s army, who died there.</p><br>
<p>The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 with reference number 73001292. The documentation itself, dated 2003, describes one contributing site (the cemetery) and one contributing object, in addition to the already listed one contributing building of the property.</p><br>
<p>St. Mark&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church at the junction of N. Bedford Rd. and E. Main Street in Mt. Kisco, Westchester County, New York. It was designed by noted architect Bertram Goodhue in 1907 and built from 1909 to 1913 in the late Gothic Revival style. The church was expanded in 1927-1928. It is a two story building constructed of square cut local granite and schist. It has carved limestone trim and copings. Its intersecting gable roof is covered by green and purple slate shingles. A tower was added in 1919-1920. Connected to the church is a contributing parish hall.</p><br>
<p>The church has an organ built by Aeolian-Skinner Organ Co.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Union Church of Pocantico Hills is a historic church located at 555-559 Bedford Road in Pocantico Hills, New York. The church was built by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in 1921, as part of his plans to develop the town of Pocantico Hills, which was below his estate Kykuit. Upon the death of Rockefellers wife Abby Aldrich Rockefeller in 1948, their son Nelson Rockefeller had Henri Matisse design the churchs rose window in honor of her memory shortly before the artist&#39;s own death in 1954.</p><br>
<p>On May 6, 2006, the church was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Organ</h2><br>
<p>Dr. David Rockefeller, members of the Rockefeller family, and members of the church commissioned organbuilder Sebastian M. Glück to design and build the Laurance Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Pipe Organ in 2006. It is based upon the organs of fin-de-siècle Paris, notably influenced by the work of Aristide Cavaillé-Coll, and it complements the family&#39;s taste in the art of that era. It is used for public recitals as well as for church services.</p><br>
<p>The Pioneer Building is a late nineteenth century commercial/office structure located on Lawton Street in the Downtown business district of the City of New Rochelle in Westchester County, New York. The building is a good example of Neo-Italian Renaissance commercial style and represents an important aspect in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century history of New Rochelle. John New & Son, the New Rochelle builder responsible for its construction, is credited with its design.</p><br>
<p>The Pioneer Building is considered significant, partly because other historic buildings that once surrounded it have been demolished and replaced by newer construction. It was added to the Westchester County Inventory of Historic Places on January 5, 1988, to the New York State Register of Historic Places on November 23, 1983, and to the National Register of Historic Places on December 29, 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1892 Henry Sweet, editor and publisher of the ‘’New Rochelle Pioneer’’, felt that the newspaper’ deserved a home of its own. ‘’The Pioneer’’ had been founded in 1860 by an exiled Irish writer named William Dyott. Originally one of several of New Rochelle’s weeklies, it had grown and prospered enough by 1885 to become the community’s first daily. It had always been published in rented offices, however, and sweet decided to erect a new building on Lawton Street to serve as its headquarters. The paper was published in the building until 1920 when it was forced to close due to increasing competition. From that point onward, the building held a variety of tenants but generally declined. Lawton Street, between Huguenot and Main Streets, was a fully occupied block of commercial buildings through much of the 20th Century. In the 1970s, much of the block was leveled to make way for the New Rochelle Public Library. The Pioneer building remained, but in isolation, no longer related to its former setting. In the late 1970s, the building was vacant and was considered a candidate for demolition.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story, four-bay building, is set on a long and narrow rectangular lot, surrounded by parking lots on three sides. It was never intended to stand alone, but rather, to be part of a streetscape of similar structures. Consequently its side walls are plain, and only the front facade has any true detail or ornament. The front façade is decorated in the Italianate style, covered in a high quality buff-colored iron spot Roman brick. There are two cornices, one of copper and the other of metal with the ‘Pioneer’ name set in bold relief. The first floor is composed of two storefronts with central entryways each flanked by large bay windows.</p><br>
<p>The unadorned side elevations are covered with painted brick, with a trompe-l’oeil mural painted on the west side. A separate entrance along the building’s east side provides access to the second floor. The rear of the building drops down to one story. Two chimneys project from the west side roof. The most intact sections of the building’s interior are found in the two first floor storefronts and east side entrance hall. These areas retain original finishes, door and window trim, some wood wainscoting, and decorated pressed-metal ceilings.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Protestant Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church at One Hudson Street in the Getty Square neighborhood of Yonkers, Westchester County, New York. The complex includes the church, chapel, rectory, parish house, and school. The church was originally constructed in 1752, with an addition in 1849, and modifications to the front facade in 1874 by noted architect Edward Tuckerman Potter . It is constructed of rough gray fieldstone with red brick on the corners. It is cruciform in plan, three bays wide, with a slate-covered gable roof. The front facade features a rose window and four battered buttresses. The parish house and chapel were constructed in 1890–1891 and are connected to the church. The -story, five-bay-wide rectory was also constructed in 1890–1891 and is connected to the chapel. The additions made during 1890–1891 were by noted architect Robert Henderson Robertson .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Manhanset Chapel, also known as Mechanics&#39; Hall, is a historic nondenominational chapel at 24 N. Ferry Road in Shelter Island, Suffolk County, New York. It was built in 1890 and moved to its present site in 1924. It was originally located on the grounds of the Manhaset House Hotel. It is a modest, frame Gothic Revival style structure. It consists of a gabled nave; a prominent, square engaged tower; a distinct chancel with a lower gabled roof; and a rear entrance wing.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>In 1986, the Osofsky family donated the chapel to the Shelter Island Historical Society, which restored it to the 1924 period of its significance when it was used by the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. In 2011, Randy Osofsky repurchased the chapel with her husband, Stephen Kessler, for use as an arts and events space for Shelter Island.</p><br>
<p>Sisters of St. Dominic Motherhouse Complex, is a historic convent complex and national historic district at 555 Albany Avenue in North Amityville, Suffolk County, New York.</p><br>
<p>The complex consists of five contributing buildings, a cemetery, and grotto. Rosary Hall (formerly the novitiate for the sisters whose original motherhouse was at Graham and Montrose Avenues in Williamsburg, Brooklyn) is the largest building in the complex and has four sections.</p><br>
<p>It was built 1876–1878 and in a Gothic Revival style brick quadrangle composed of three 2½-story sections and a 1½-story section. Rosary Hall includes the chapel, which has a tall steeple. At the center of the quadrangle is the Cloister Garden. The remaining building is Seraphina Cottage, the original novitiate. It was built about 1850 and is a 1½-story vernacular Greek Revival farmhouse.</p><br>
<p>St. Dominic Motherhouse Complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>St. Johns Episcopal Church and Cemetery is a historic Episcopal church and cemetery on Montauk Highway on the northeast side, about 300&#39; northwest of the junction with Locust Avenue, Town of Islip in Oakdale, Suffolk County, New York. The church is a small, rectangular one story building with a gable roof, wood shingle siding, and a simple painted wood exterior trim. It features a three story, square, engaged tower with a shallow pyramidal roof. It was enlarged and remodeled about 1843 and restored in 1962; the stained glass window was added in 1873. The cemetery contains about 100 graves with burials dating from the late 18th century to early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>First Congregational Church of New Village is a historic church on the north side of Middle Country Road, west of Elliot Avenue in Lake Grove, New York, United States.</p><br>
<p>The building was likely constructed in 1818, with some sources saying with the original intent of being of a union meeting house.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was formed in 1815, with the original title "Third Congregational Church of Brookhaven", and its first pastor was Jacob Corwin. On March 5, 1845, the church was incorporated as the "First Congregational Church of New Village."</p><br>
<p>In 1949 the church withdrew from the Congregational denomination, and it became an independent evangelical church; self-governed by its Board of Elders and Deacons. The congregation of the church moved to a new and larger facility in 1961, and the property was taken over by the Town of Brookhaven around 1970. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Today the church is known as, and is located a block from the old church building at 3 Wildwood Street, Lake Grove, NY.</p><br>
<p>The church is depicted on the Lake Grove village seal. "New Village", however, is the former name of the hamlet of Centereach, whose boundary now lies a few blocks east of the church&#39;s location.</p><br>
<p>Setauket Presbyterian Church and Burial Ground, also known as First Presbyterian Church of Brookhaven, is a historic Presbyterian church and cemetery at 5 Caroline Avenue in the Village of Setauket, Suffolk County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church was built in 1812 in the Federal style and is a three-by-five-bay, heavy timber framed, 38 by building sheathed in wood shingles and covered by a gable roof. The center bay features an 11 by bell tower / narthex. The burial ground was established in the 1660s and contains approximately 800 gravesites. The church grounds were the site of a Loyalist fortification that was attacked by Continental Army forces from Connecticut in August 1777.</p><br>
<p>Prior to this, existed an earlier presbyterian church on the village green, which was later burned down after being struck by lightning. The present church was rebuilt in 1812.</p><br>
<p>The burial ground contains the remains of some of the earliest pastors of the church including Nathaniel Brewster (1600-1690), George Phillips (1660-1739), and Benjamin Talmadge (1723-1786), among others. Also many of the founding families of the area are buried here including the Bayles, Davis, Dickinsons, Floyds. Hawkins, Jaynes, Jones, Satterlys, Smiths and Woodhulls, including the resting place of Abraham Woodhull, leader of the Culper spy ring against the British during the American Revolution.</p><br>
<p>The church and burial ground were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>Lake Aguingay is a vast plain at the center of Bulusan Volcano National Park located near Bulusan Lake at the Municipality of Bulusan, South central part of the Sorsogon Province, Southern Luzon, Bicol Region, Philippines. It is called The Lake because it is occasionally flooded during wet season and dries up during summer. When it is wet it resembles a big lake located right at the foot of Mt. Bulusan. The area is home to various endemic birds, reptiles and other mammals. It is surrounded by lush vegetation and a tropical rain forest. It is only accessible by foot from Bulusan Lake and from the villages of Kapangihan and San Roque.</p><br>
<h2>Physical characteristics</h2><br>
<p>Aguingay Lake is another dormant crater within the Bulusan Volcano areas. During rainy seasons the water is clear and greenish. Some areas are covered with grasses and rocks. It is home to some endemic birds, mammals, insects and reptiles surrounded by tropical rain forest.</p><br>
<p>The Attakwaskloof Pass is a mountain pass situated in the Western Cape province of South Africa on the off-road between Mossel Bay and Oudtshoorn. From early days a need for a link between the coast and the interior existed. With the arrival of settlers at the Cape, the need for a route between the Cape and the interior enjoyed a high priority and in 1689 the first documented crossing of the mountains over the Attakwaskloof took place. The Attakwaskloof Pass was used by elephants before the pass was built. This became the main road to the north for 180 years from 1689–1869 and was the most important route linking the area around Mossel Bay with Kannaland in the vicinity of Oudtshoorn. With the later construction of the Robinson Pass, the Attakwaskloof Pass fell into disuse. It has become part of Cape Nature Conservation and declared a National Monument in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Attakwaskloof pass is 10 km long and reaches a height of 820 m above sea level. It is over 300 years old. The pass offers spectacular scenery, natural rock pools, remains of historic buildings like block houses, an old hotel and toll houses.</p><br>
<h2>Map of the area</h2><br>
<p>The Green Park Inn is a historic hotel located on the Eastern Continental Divide in Blowing Rock, North Carolina. The hotel was built in the 1880s and operated continuously until May 24, 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Green Park Inn is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation for recognizing and celebrating the finest historic hotels across America.</p><br>
<p>Past guests of the hotel have included John D. Rockefeller, Herbert Hoover, Annie Oakley, Calvin Coolidge, Eleanor Roosevelt and Margaret Mitchell among others. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 3, 1982. It is located in the Green Park Historic District.</p><br>
<p>In the latter part of the Civil War a small fortification was built on the site of the Green Park by Federal Troops.</p><br>
<p>The hotel is purported to be haunted, and has played host over the years to several conventions of ghost hunters.</p><br>
<p>In the face of a difficult economy, the Green Park Inn was closed seeking a new buyer in 2009, and foreclosed later that year.</p><br>
<p>On March 31, 2010, The Green Park Inn was purchased by two New York real estate investors who are already the owners of a number of other hotel properties. As far as possible, the new owners intend to work with the Blowing Rock Historical Society in order to retain charm, character, and historical integrity of the property. Just off the Lobby is the History Room that recounts the Hotel&#39;s storied past and contains the original Green Park USA Post Office.</p><br>
<p>Following an aggressive renovation of the property, The Green Park Inn reopened to the public on October 29, 2010. During the refurnishing, the owners purchased only American made products.</p><br>
<p>On July 1, 2011 the Green Park Inn reopened the Laurel Room Restaurant, Ballroom, and the Divide Tavern. The restaurant is headed by award winning Chef James Welch.</p><br>
<p>On October 29, 2011 the Green Park Inn celebrated its first anniversary of reopening after having a progressively successful year. The hotel hopes to have nearly all eighty-eight rooms completely renovated and available to guests before the second anniversary.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Law Farm Historic District is a farmstead located at the junction of Reed Road and Plum Run Road near Tappan Lake in Harrison County, Ohio, United States. It was named a historic district and added to the National Register in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry Law, a teacher originally from County Tyrone in Northern Ireland, emigrated to Harrison County in 1826 with his father and brother. Once settled he began his life as a farmer and raised cattle and sheep, as well as a multitude of crops. He met and married the former Elizabeth McMillan, also from Ireland.</p><br>
<p>Soon after their 1839 wedding, the Laws moved into a log cabin farmhouse at the source of Plum Run in Monroe Township, and in 1846 they relocated to the present property with its substantially larger house. They were the parents of eleven children, all of whom survived into adulthood, and of whom the oldest was John Quincy Law. John inherited the farm when his father died in 1869, and expanded the house when he added a kitchen in the downstairs and a living room and two bedrooms in the upstairs. John married Ella Scott, who was the daughter of Brigadier General Josiah Noble Scott, a veteran of the War of 1812 and Rachel Vance Scott, who was a descendant of the Vans family from Dirleton Castle in Scotland and Laird Barnbarroch. The couple would raise six children.</p><br>
<p>John Quincy followed in his fathers footsteps and became a teacher, and later a member of the school board. He also served on the Board of Directors at the Dennison National Bank. When John Quincy died in 1927 the property passed to his third child, Frank Vance Law, but he didn&#39;t take title until 1931. Frank resided at the home until his death in 1956, and the property passed into the possession of his sister Eliza Rachel Law (Lida) and his brother Jay Quincy. Lida died shortly thereafter in 1958, and Jay became the sole owner.</p><br>
<p>Jay worked the land until his death in 1964, when he named his niece, Ella Virginia Reed Huss, as the heir of the Law Farm. Ella maintained the home and assisted in the formation of the Huss Farm Foundation in 2001, and also aided in the petition to place the farm on the National Register, which it did so in the same year as her death, in 2002. The entry also placed the Ernest and Lena Reed Farm, as well as 280 acre of land on the register as well. The farm is still functional and raises crops as well as Shorthorn and Angus cattle.</p><br>
<p>Freshwater Lagoon is the northernmost and smallest of three similar lagoons within Humboldt Lagoons State Park, along the coast of Humboldt County, California.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>It is located between Trinidad to the south and Orick at the mouth of Redwood Creek to the north.</p><br>
<p>The lagoons are shallow bays between rocky headlands where coastal wave action has formed a sandy bar separating each lagoon from the Pacific Ocean. The lagoons are resting areas for migratory waterfowl using the Pacific Flyway between Lake Earl on the Smith River estuarine wetlands 40 miles (70 kilometers) to the north and Humboldt Bay on the Mad River estuarine wetlands 30 miles (50 kilometers) to the south.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Freshwater Lagoon is similar to other coastal features of northern California including Humboldt Bay to the south and Lake Earl to the north. An alluvial plain is surrounded by steep uplands. Hills adjacent to Freshwater Lagoon have been identified as undivided pre-Cretaceous metasedimentary rock. Studies around Humboldt Bay indicate tectonic activity along the Cascadia subduction zone has caused local sea level changes at intervals of several centuries. The plain may support fresh water wetlands or Sitka Spruce forests following uplift events and salt marsh or inundated shellfish beds following subsidence events. The relatively small catchment basin tributary to Freshwater Lagoon has allowed formation of a durable coastal sand bar which has not been breached by recent storm events. Precipitation usually percolates through the bar without forming a surface channel.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>USA Route 101 traverses the coastal sand bar between Freshwater Lagoon and the Pacific Ocean. Convenient parking on the sand bar adjacent to the highway has made the lagoon a popular scenic rest area for motorists in Humboldt Lagoons State Park. There is also a Redwood National and State Parks visitor center near the north end of the lagoon.</p><br>
<p>Stone Lagoon is the second of three similar lagoons within Humboldt Lagoons State Park, along the coast of Humboldt County, California.</p><br>
<p>It is located between Trinidad to the south and Orick at the mouth of Redwood Creek to the north.</p><br>
<p>The lagoons are shallow bays between rocky headlands where coastal wave action has formed a sandy bar separating each lagoon from the Pacific Ocean. The lagoons are resting areas for migratory waterfowl using the Pacific Flyway between Lake Earl on the Smith River estuarine wetlands 40 miles (70 kilometers) to the north and Humboldt Bay on the Mad River estuarine wetlands 30 miles (50 kilometers) to the south.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Stone Lagoon is similar to other coastal features of northern California including Humboldt Bay to the south and Lake Earl to the north. An alluvial plain is surrounded by steep uplands. Hills adjacent to Stone Lagoon have been identified as undivided pre-Cretaceous metasedimentary rock. Studies around Humboldt Bay indicate tectonic activity along the Cascadia subduction zone has caused local sea level changes at intervals of several centuries. The plain may support fresh water wetlands or Sitka Spruce forests following uplift events and salt marsh or inundated shellfish beds following subsidence events. At the present lagoon level, the sand bar normally separates the lagoon from the ocean during summer months. Winter precipitation may raise the water level in the lagoon a few meters above sea level. Hydrostatic pressure and storm surf may then breach the sand bar allowing the lagoon to drain into the sea and then receive tidal inflow until wave action reforms the bar.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Roosevelt elk graze the wetlands south of the lagoon and may often be seen from USA Route 101. Stone lagoon is nearly completely enclosed by Humboldt Lagoons State Park. Pacific coast beaches may be accessed from a side road to "Dry Lagoon" day use area south of Stone Lagoon. Canoe access to the south end of Stone Lagoon is available adjacent to highway 101.</p><br>
<p>Pruess Lake is a small spring-fed lake in Snake Valley, Millard County, west-central Utah, United States. It is just south of Garrison and north of Burbank. It was named after Charles Preuss, a cartographer who was on John C. Fremonts first, second and fourth expeditions. Where or when the spelling error  occurred is unknown, but all maps and official state naming documents mention the lakes name as Pruess. The area of the lake is about one square mile.</p><br>
<p>Several springs flow into the lake, including Big Springs in Nevada and Dearden Springs along Lake Creek, Nevada and Utah. The water in the lake and the creeks that flow into the lake are heavily used for agriculture, so the only spring that always flows into the lake is Clay Spring. The lake has also been modified to a reservoir by the Pruess Lake Dam for agricultural use.</p><br>
<p>The road that leads to Lexington Arch, part of Great Basin National Park, is just south of Pruess Lake. The lake is a popular local recreation spot for fishing and minor boating/floating.</p><br>
<p>Pruess Lake is a habitat for a bevy of wildlife. One of the most unusual is a mollusk called the California floater (Anodonta californiensis), a species left over from Lake Bonneville.</p><br>
<p>Big Lagoon is the southernmost and largest of three similar lagoons within Humboldt Lagoons State Park, along the coast of Humboldt County, California.</p><br>
<p>It is located between Trinidad to the south and Orick at the mouth of Redwood Creek to the north.</p><br>
<p>The lagoons are shallow bays between rocky headlands where coastal wave action has formed a sandy bar separating each lagoon from the Pacific Ocean. The lagoons are resting areas for migratory waterfowl using the Pacific Flyway between Lake Earl on the Smith River estuarine wetlands 40 miles (70 kilometers) to the north and Humboldt Bay on the Mad River estuarine wetlands 30 miles (50 kilometers) to the south.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Big Lagoon is similar to other coastal features of northern California including Humboldt Bay to the south and Lake Earl to the north. An alluvial plain is surrounded by steep uplands. Hills adjacent to Big Lagoon have been identified as the Franciscan Assemblage along the eastern shore and Pleistocene dune sandstone to the south. Studies around Humboldt Bay indicate tectonic activity along the Cascadia subduction zone has caused local sea level changes at intervals of several centuries. The plain may support fresh water wetlands or Sitka Spruce forests following uplift events and salt marsh or inundated shellfish beds following subsidence events. At the present lagoon level, the sand bar normally separates the lagoon from the ocean during summer months. Winter precipitation may raise the water level in the lagoon a few meters above sea level. Hydrostatic pressure and storm surf may then breach the sand bar allowing the lagoon to drain into the sea and then receive tidal inflow until wave action reforms the bar.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Roosevelt elk graze the wetlands south of the lagoon and may sometimes be seen where USA Route 101 crosses the lagoon. Hammond Lumber Company Plant Three included 20th century company housing and a sawmill log pond built where Maple Creek enters the south end of Big Lagoon. The coastal portion of Big Lagoon was used as an aerial rocket range by the United States Navy during World War II. Canoe access to Big Lagoon is available from a park on the south shore near the community of Big Lagoon and Big Lagoon Rancheria.</p><br>
<p>Whitesand Lake is a lake in Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada, part of the Hewitson River system. Another lake in Thunder Bay District with the same name, Whitesand Lake , lies further northwest and flows via the Whitesand River  into Lake Nipigon.</p><br>
<p>Whitesand Lake is just north of Highway 17, about 9 km east of the community of Rossport and 8 km west of the community of Schreiber. The lake is about 4 km long at its longest, and 1.7 km at its widest. It is shaped roughly like the letter "H", with an elongated and fatter lower right arm. The primary inflow is the Whitesand River (Hewitson River) at the north side of the lake, and the lake flows out at the south-west via the Hewitson River over the Rainbow Falls into Lake Superior.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>A campground of Rainbow Falls Provincial Park is on the south side of Whitesand Lake near the outflow to the Hewitson River.</p><br>
<p>The Dennison High School is located at 220 North Third Street in Dennison, Ohio. The property was listed on the National Register on 2006-02-01.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by J.K. Griffin, an architect from Canton in the Gothic style. The building was completed in 1928 and was known as Angel&#39;s Castle, named for William Hiram Angel, the superintendent.</p><br>
<p>The school began an experimental program in the 1930s for "special need students." This "school within a school" was designated as Primrose School and continued until 1954.</p><br>
<p>When the schools of the area consolidated, the building was used as the junior high school until it became an intermediate school. The school still functions in this sense today.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The red brick building dominates its site. The school sits on top of a small hill towering over the road below. The property is lined by a stone retaining wall with a flight of stairs rising to the main entrance. The main entrance rests in an arched alcove. The surrounding facade is made up of stone and projects away from the main bulk of the building. At each corner of the projection is a rounded buttress. The stone ends in a decorative entablature. Central windows light the interior and are located in a recessed panel and are surrounded by two brick towers capped by stone projections.</p><br>
<p>Lake Nemrut  is a freshwater crater lake in Bitlis Province, eastern Turkey. It is part of Nemrut Caldera , a volcanic caldera atop Volcano Nemrut. The caldera is a registered natural monument and the wetlandsis registered as a Ramsar site of the country.</p><br>
<h2>Caldera</h2><br>
<p>The caldera is located west of Lake Van in the Tatvan, Ahlat and Güroymak districts of Bitlis Province. It is 13 km far from Tatvan, and 25 km from Ahlat. With its width of nearly 10 km, the crater of Nemrut Volcano is one of the largest calderas of the world. Nemrut Caldera is world&#39;s second largest one. The western half of the crater is covered by the lake. AT the summit, there are five lakes, two of them existing permanently and the others seasonal. The biggest of the lakes is Lake Nemrut in the form of crescent. It contains freshwater of colorless, odorless and drink water quality.</p><br>
<p>Lake Nemrut is situated at an elevation of about 2,247 m above main sea level. It has an area of 12.36 km&sup2, and its average depth is about 100 m with a maximum depth of 176 m.</p><br>
<p>Nemrut Caldera is on the youngest volcanic cone in Turkey, which is in a not-eroded state. This unique structural geomorphology make it a subject of scientific research.</p><br>
<h2>Biota</h2><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>About 450 plant species were recorded in and around Nemrut Caldera, around 200 (44%) of them belonging to the region. The diversity of the flora points out to the variation of climate conditions in the past. Around 38 (8.4%) of the existing plant species are endemic. The upside down tulip, which grows here, is a world-famous flower. The climax vegetation of Nemrut Caldera forms the haired birch (Betula) and the trembling aspen (Populus tremula). Other notable plants growing around two lakes of the caldera are the trees dwarf juniper (Juniperus communis), Norway maple (Acer platanoides), European mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia), common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), sessile oak (Quercus petraea), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), white willow (Salix alba), and the shrubs coinwort cotoneaster (Cotoneaster nummularius), cherry plum (Prunus divaricata), grey willow (Salix cinerea), Greek juniper (Juniperus excelsa), breaking buckthorn (Frangula alnus), alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus) and mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb). Steppe-like vegetation is spread over wide areas in the caldera. Those are mainly species of milkvetch (Astragalus). Other subshrubs and herbaceous plants are prickly thrift (Acantholimon), sainfoin (Onobrychis), sheeps sorrel (Rumex acetosella), Thymus, Alyssum, sheeps fescue (Festuca ovina), Salvia, Ranunculus, Silene, rabbitfoot clover (Trifolium arvense), Pimpinella, Artemisia, squarrose (Centaurea triumfettii). Reedy areas are present In the northwestern part of Lake Nemrıt.</p><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>The griffon vulture brood their eggs at the caldera, which earned its status of special protected area as habitat for breeding of velvet duck and golden eagle. The number of bird species decreased at Lake Nemrut, which is a stopover site for a lot of migrating birds, due to irregular and uncontrolled hunting. Currently observed animals in the region are the bird species partridge, duck, bee-eater, Armenian gull and mammals hare, fox, bear. The chamois has been extinct.</p><br>
<h2>Natural monument and Ramsar site</h2><br>
<p>The caldera was registered a natural monument in 2003. The protected area around the crater lake covers 4.8 km&sup2;. Nemrut Caldera Natural Monument (Nemrut Kalderası Tabiat Anıtı) is protected in the status of a tourist attraction, a protected area of first degree and a wetland.</p><br>
<p>The government of Turkey designated the wetland of the caldera as the 14th Ramsar site of the country on April 17, 2013.</p><br>
<p>It is not permitted to cut reed in the caldera and to fish in the lake, although some livestock grazing takes place around the caldera. A winter sports and ski center was established on the southern slope of the caldera in 2007. The main thread in terms of ecology is overgrazing.</p><br>
<p>Plaquemine Lock State Historic Site, located in Plaquemine, Louisiana, commemorates an early example of hydraulic engineering design and the historic significance of Bayou Plaquemine, an important navigable waterway that was once a distributary of the Mississippi River. Bayou Plaquemine promoted settlement beginning in the 18th century and helped the area economically by providing an access route between southwestern Louisiana  and the Mississippi via the Atchafalaya Basin.</p><br>
<p>The lock itself was designed by Colonel George Washington Goethals of the United States Army Corps of Engineers, who later served as chief engineer of the construction of the Panama Canal Lock, and went on to be the Canal Zone&#39;s first governor. Plaquemine Lock was opened on April 9, 1909 after 14 years of construction. When it was built, Plaquemine Lock was the highest freshwater lift of any lock in the world. The lock initially utilized a gravity-flow principle until pumps were installed years later.</p><br>
<p>The lock was closed after 52 years of service in 1961 due to increased river traffic and the demand for a larger lock, which opened thereafter in Port Allen. The Plaquemine Lock structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Today, the Gary James Hebert Memorial Lockhouse serves as an on-site museum and visitors center. It is named for the man who led the way to help preserve the Lock site, which today covers 19 acre.</p><br>
<p>The Rice House in Richmond, Virginia is a residence designed by modernist architect Richard Neutra and built in the mid-1960s on Lock Island in the James River. Since 1999 the house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The house is notable as being the only house in Richmond built in the International Style.</p><br>
<p>Characteristic of many of Neutra&#39;s houses, the architecture features strong horizontal elements detailed in what appear to be concrete, but are actually faced wood and steel beams. The 6,000 square foot house is made of marble from Georgia and is stretched out along a granite ridge running parallel to the river. Perched 110-feet above the James River, the living room of the Rice House offers a view overlooking Williams Dam. Fenestration is provided by expansive floor-to-ceiling windows and sliding glass doors. Other details of the house follow the International Style: exterior railings, balconies and layered, flat roofs.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Rice House is named for Walter Lyman Rice (1903–1998), a retired top executive of the Reynolds Metals Company who served as United States Ambassador to Australia from 1969 through 1973, and his wife, Inger, a native of Denmark, who commissioned Neutra in 1962. Construction took place between 1962 and 1965.</p><br>
<p>Lake Erçek  is an endorheic salt lake in Van Province in eastern Turkey, about 30 km east of Lake Van. The lake sits at an elevation of about 1,803 m, and has an area of 106.2 km&sup2; and a mean depth of 18.45 m. The northern and western shores are steep and rocky, whereas the southern and eastern shores slope gently with mudflats and coastal plains.</p><br>
<h2>Geology and geography</h2><br>
<p>Early research described Lake Erçek as having been formed through volcanic activity; however, recent research indicates that it is a tectonic lake. The lake&#39;s basin was formed by north-south trending faults during the Upper Pleistocene. It appears that the lake did not rise much above its current level during the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene, based on examination and radiocarbon dating of core samples of lake sediments. Research suggests the lake did not overflow its basin during this period.</p><br>
<p>The lake&#39;s main inflow is from the Memedik Çayı (also known as the Büyükçaylak Deresi), which enters via a broad fan at the west of the lake. The Karasu river, which rises along the Iranian border, passes within 1 km of the northwest shore of the lake and is separated only by a low ridge, but it does not enter the lake and continues west to enter Lake Van northwest of the city of Van.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<h3>Birds</h3><br>
<p>Lake Ercek is an important site for breeding and migrating waterbirds. Between 18 and 39 endangered white-headed ducks were recorded at the lake in 2000, including two or three breeding pairs. Other birds recorded as breeding at the lake include the Kentish plover (75–85 pairs) and the greater sandplover (10–15 pairs). The lake is also used in passing by the ruddy shelduck, common shelduck, black-necked grebe, pied avocet and gull-billed tern.</p><br>
<p>The Wilbor House is a historic house museum at 548 West Main Road in Little Compton, Rhode Island, and currently serves as the headquarters of the Little Compton Historical Society. The property includes eight buildings of historical significance, six of which were part of the Wilbor farmstead, a complex that was used for farming between 1690  and 1955, when the property was acquired by the historical society. The house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, whose oldest portion was probably a stone ender built by Samuel Wilbor, and whose western half was added c. 1740, giving it a Georgian appearance. The five farm outbuildings all date to the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>St. Mary&#39;s Church is a historic Roman Catholic church complex at 14 William Street  in Newport, Rhode Island within the Diocese of Providence.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The complex includes three buildings: the brownstone Gothic Revival church, the parish house, formerly a school, and a convent. The church was built in 1848-52, to a design by renowned Brooklyn architect Patrick C. Keely. The engineer for its construction was USA Army Lieutenant William S. Rosecrans who would rise to the rank of Major General in the American Civil War.</p><br>
<p>In 1865 the school was built directly east of the church, also designed by Keely. During the 1880s, the church built two new buildings, neither of which are included in this nomination. A convent was built in 1880-81, designed by local architect Dudley Newton. In 1991 that building was moved from its site at Spring and Gidley Streets to its current location at 398 Thames Street, where it serves as the Admiral Fitzroy Inn. Dudley also designed a rectory in 1886, which burned in 1921. A new rectory, designed by Ambrose J. Murphy, was built on the same site in 1924-25. In 1937, both church and school were altered by architect John F. Hogan. In 1967, in order to comply with Vatican II, East Providence architect Milton R. Kenyon further altered the church.</p><br>
<p>The parish congregation was founded in 1828, and was the first Roman Catholic parish established in the state. In 1953 Senator John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier were married at St. Mary&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Bellevue Avenue/Casino Historic District encompasses a one-block section of Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island. Although Bellevue Avenue is best known for the large number of Gilded Age mansions which line it, this block is a coherent collection of commercial buildings at the northern end of the mansion row. It is anchored around the Newport Casino, now the International Tennis Hall of Fame, and includes three other buildings on the east side of Bellevue Avenue between Memorial Boulevard and East Bowery Street. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972,</p><br>
<p>The first building on the block was the Travers Building, 170-184 Bellevue, which was designed by Richard Morris Hunt and built in 1870-71 for William Travers. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure, with applied half-timbering and topped by a mansard roof. It houses ten storefronts.</p><br>
<p>The Newport Casino was built second, and its facilities occupy most of the block east of Bellevue Avenue. A National Historic Landmark, it was designed by McKim, Mead and White, and built in 1879-81. The King Block (204-214 Bellevue) was designed by Perkins and Betton of Boston, Massachusetts and built for Leroy King. It is faced on brown brick and houses six storefronts, and is situated just south of the Casino. The Audrain Building (220-230 Bellevue) completes the block; it was designed by Bruce Price of New York City and built in 1902-3 for Adolf Audrain. It is also divided into six storefronts, set off from each visually by arches.</p><br>
<p>The Salmon River Mountains are a major mountain range covering most of the central part of the USA state of Idaho. The range is over 120 mi long and its boundaries are usually defined by the Salmon River and its large tributary forks. Part of the central Rocky Mountains, the entire range lies west of the Continental Divide of the Americas and drains to the Snake River. The highest peak is White Mountain, at 10,442 ft above sea level. There are five peaks over 10,000 ft high, and there are three major subranges defined by other forks of the Salmon River: the West, Central and East Salmon River Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The mountains are an extensive block-shaped massif in central Idaho, with their western boundary defined by the Little Salmon River and the northern and eastern boundary marked by the main stem Salmon. It is a block-shaped region 102 mi north-south and 122 mi east-west, covering nearly 8,900 square miles. The West Salmon River Mountains lie between the Little and South Forks of the Salmon, the Central range is between the South and Middle Forks, and the East range is defined by the mountains east of the Middle Fork of the Salmon. Although the northwestern corner of the range is only about 30 mi southeast of the river port of Lewiston, the Salmon River Mountains are often said to be one of the remotest areas in the contiguous United States.</p><br>
<p>The southeastern portion of the range is bounded by the White Knob Mountains, Pioneer Mountains, Bould Mountains, and the basins of Marsh Creek, Valley Creek and Warm Spring Creek. The southwestern boundaries are formed by forks of the Payette River, also a Snake River tributary. The height of the mountains gradually increases from west to east, sloping up towards the Continental Divide. The highest peak is West White Mountain in the eastern subrange, rising to 10,442 ft. The ten highest peaks are all in the eastern subrange, while the highest peak in the central mountains is Big Baldy, at 9,705 ft. The highest mountain in the western subrange is North Loon Mountain, at 9,322 ft.</p><br>
<p>The Syndicate, built in 1907, is a building that has stood as a historic landmark in downtown St. Louis, Missouri. The detailed Terracotta ornamentation still stands out as a significant glimpse into the style of an earlier time. The building declined in the 1950s and 1960s and became vacant in 1967 after the Scruggs Vandervoort & Barney department store closed in 1967. After a city request for renovation, and the demolition of its long standing neighbor, the Century Building, The Syndicate was reconstructed between 2006 and 2008 to hold luxury condos in a mixed use project. It holds 94 condominiums, 84 apartments, street level retail, and parking on the basement and first two floors. The Syndicate Trust Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Zachariae Isstrom  is a large glacier located in King Frederick VIII Land, northeast Greenland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>It drains an area of 91,780 km&sup2; of the Greenland Ice Sheet with a flux (quantity of ice moved from the land to the sea) of 11.7 km3 per year, as calculated for 1996, increasing to 15 km3 in 2015. The glacier holds a 0.5-meter sea-level rise equivalent.</p><br>
<p>Zachariæ Isstrøm has its terminus south of Lambert Land and north of Nørreland, near the Achton Friis Islands.</p><br>
<p>It terminates into an embayment previously packed with multi-year calf ice.</p><br>
<h3>Glacier retreat</h3><br>
<p>Zachariæ Isstrøm broke loose from a stable position in 2012 and entered a phase of accelerated retreat as predicted in 2008.</p><br>
<p>From a state of approximate mass balance until 2003 it is now losing mass at about 5 Gt/yr. The ice velocity increased by 50% in 2000-2014. In 2012 it detached from a stabilizing sill and retreated rapidly along a downward-sloping, marine-based bed with substantial calving</p><br>
<p>Simon Ritter Cobblestone Farmhouse is a historic home located at Varick in Seneca County, New York. It is a late Federal / early Greek Revival style, cobblestone farmhouse with an overlay of Italianate detailing. It is a two story, slightly asymmetrical structure, on a raised fieldstone foundation. It was built about 1830 and is constructed of irregularly sized and variously colored field cobbles. The house is among the approximately 18 surviving cobblestone buildings in Seneca County. Also on the property are two large early / mid 19th century barns, a carriage house and machine shed, a boathouse built about 1900 on the shore of Cayuga Lake, and a limestone carriage stepping stone.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Waterloo Library, also known as the Waterloo Library and Historical Society, is a historic library building located at Waterloo in Seneca County, New York. The second story of the two-story frame structure contains a small theater.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1883 in the Queen Anne style and is sheathed in brick. The structure is composed of a two-story main block with a three-story projecting pavilion and one-story intersecting gable wing. It features a number of distinctive Victorian era features such as steeply pitched and intersecting gable roofs; stone elements such as lintels, belt courses, sills, and chimney abutments and caps; and terra cotta wall surfaces and ridge blocks.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Daugaard-Jensen Glacier is a large glacier located on the southeast coast of Greenland.</p><br>
<p>The glacier was first mapped in 1933 by Lauge Koch during aerial surveys made during the 1931–34 Three-year Expedition to East Greenland (Treårsekspeditionen). It is named in honour of Niels Daugaard-Jensen, who was head of the Greenland department under the Danish Ministry of State and former governor (Landsfoged) of Northern Greenland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Located in the northwestern side of Hinksland, it drains an area of 50,150 km² of the Greenland Ice Sheet with a flux (quantity of ice moved from the land to the sea) of 10.5 km per year, as measured for 1996.</p><br>
<p>With its terminus in the Nordvestfjord of the Scoresby Sound, it is one of the main producers of icebergs to the north of Iceland.</p><br>
<p>The Germania Building is an eight-story historic Beaux-Arts/Classical Revival building at 135 W. Wells St. in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was built in 1896 for George Brumder to house the headquarters of his burgeoning publishing empire.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The 8-story, 117,752 ft&sup2; building was designed by German-trained architects Schnetzky & Liebert and was, at the time of its construction, the largest office building in the city of Milwaukee. In addition to its characteristic copper pickelhaube domes, the building was graced by a 10 ft-tall, three-ton bronze statue of Germania on a pediment over the door.</p><br>
<p>In 1918, the building&#39;s name was changed to the Brumder Building in response to anti-German sentiment during World War I, and the statue was removed discreetly in the night. Efforts to trace the fate of the statue, which was stored for a while by sculptor Cyril Colnik, have proven futile, with one theory claiming that it was melted down for scrap during World War II, and another speculating that it may have gone to the Smithsonian Institution, and possibly still be there.</p><br>
<p>Seventeen years after Brumder&#39;s death in 1910, the printing presses were removed from the basement levels of the building, giving the city its first underground parking garage. The name was changed back to the Germania Building after a significant renovation in 1981. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in July 1983.</p><br>
<p>In early 2007, the building was sold to a Milwaukee-based investor group led by Santino "Sonny" Bando, for slightly more than $4 million (approx. $44/sq. ft.) from a suburban-Chicago-based investment trust. The building had suffered a decline in tenants and a foreclosure sale in 1990 but was, at the time of the sale, 95% occupied, according to Bando. One of the reasons Bando cited for buying the building was the fact that he and his investors also own another of downtown Milwaukees historic office buildings, the Iron Block Building (205 E. Wisconsin Ave.), which they bought in 2004. Bando said he likes those types of buildings "because you cant really build them anymore."</p><br>
<p>Aston Rowant National Nature Reserve is located on the north-west escarpment of the Chiltern Hills, in the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It has an area of 159.1 hectares, and most of it is a 128.5 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest. It is listed as a Grade 1 site in A Nature Conservation Review. The reserve is in several sections, mostly in the parishes of Aston Rowant and Lewknor in Oxfordshire, with smaller sections in the parish of Stokenchurch in Buckinghamshire.</p><br>
<p>The reserve is home to plants and butterflies of chalk grassland. The flowers include a number of orchids and the Chiltern gentian; the butterflies include the silver-spotted skipper and the Adonis blue.</p><br>
<p>As well as chalk grassland, the reserve contains woodland with beech, yew, and juniper. Overhead, reintroduced red kites are resident.</p><br>
<h2>Diverse habitat</h2><br>
<p>The Aston Rowant reserve is managed by Natural England assisted by the Oxford Conservation Volunteers. It offers a nationally important habitat of chalk grassland and juniper scrub with significant areas of hanging beechwood at Aston Rowant Wood.</p><br>
<h2>Flowers</h2><br>
<p>Aston Rowant is especially noted in spring and summer for the wildflowers and orchids associated with close-cropped chalk grassland, managed by careful grazing regimes. Orchid species recorded include common spotted orchid, fragrant orchid, pyramidal orchid, bee orchid, frog orchid, early purple orchid and greater butterfly orchid. Other flowers include eyebright, scabious, marjoram, Chiltern gentian, and yellow-wort.</p><br>
<h2>Butterflies</h2><br>
<p>The chalk grassland habitat is particularly attractive to many species of butterflies such as the Adonis blue, the chalkhill blue, marbled white, silver-spotted skipper, the dark green fritillary, and the silver-washed fritillary. Over 30 species of butterflies have been recorded on the reserve.</p><br>
<p>Adonis blue - Lysandra bellargus in flight at Aston Rowant.JPGAdonis blue, Lysandra bellargus</p><br>
<p>Chalkhill blue butterflies (Polyommatus coridon) mating 1.jpgChalkhill blue, Polyommatus coridon</p><br>
<p>Marbled white butterfly (Melanargia galathea) female.jpgMarbled white, Melanargia galathea</p><br>
<p>Silver-spotted skipper butterfly (Hesperia comma) female underside.jpgSilver-spotted skipper, Hesperia comma</p><br>
<p>Silver-washed fritillary butterfly (Argynnis paphia) male 2.jpgSilver-washed fritillary, Argynnis paphia</p><br>
<h2>Mammals</h2><br>
<p>Muntjac and roe deer are found on the reserve, as are the brown hare. Aston Rowant is also an important conservation site for the endangered hazel dormouse.</p><br>
<h2>Reintroductions</h2><br>
<p>In 1989, the Aston Rowant NNR became one of the initial four sites selected by the RSPB and Natural England for the reintroduction to England of the red kite, which had become extinct in England and Scotland due to persecution since the early 1900s, and reduced to a residual population of a few dozen pairs in central Wales.</p><br>
<p>Initially birds were brought in from Spain but the reintroduction programme based in the Chilterns was so successful that the local population has now self-generated to a level of approximately 200 pairs and chicks are now taken from the Chilterns population for reintroduction projects elsewhere in the UK.</p><br>
<p>In the summer of 2004, seeds of the interrupted brome grass, which had become extinct in the wild, were dispersed at the Aston Rowant NNR. The plants successfully germinated, fruited and persisted. This marked the first extinct plant to be re-introduced into the wild in British history.</p><br>
<h2>M40 controversy</h2><br>
<p>The M40 motorway passes through the reserve, where a cutting, the Stokenchurch Gap, drops the motorway down onto the Oxfordshire plain between Junction 5 Stokenchurch and junction 6 Watlington.</p><br>
<p>This section of the "Midlands Link" motorway opened in 1974 after a Public Enquiry. The event helped to motivate conservation groups to oppose infrastructure projects that would damage protected natural habitats, such as the M3 cutting through Twyford Down near Winchester, which could have been protected by tunnelling.</p><br>
<p>Philip Foster Farm is a historic site in Eagle Creek, Oregon, United States, near the city of Estacada. The farm is part of a 640 acre land claim purchased in 1847 by American pioneer Philip Foster. Foster built a store, house, barn, and other structures at the farm. The farmhouse and barn still stand, and replicas of the store, blacksmith shop and log cabin have been built on the site.</p><br>
<p>The Farm is located on the last leg of the Barlow Road, and was an important rest stop for travelers on the Oregon Trail.</p><br>
<p>Exteriors of the Farm are accessible year-round, with interpretive signage. The website at lists visiting hours to see the interiors, with costumed interpreters. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and hosts thousands of school children each year for their hands-on Pioneer Life field trips. The Jacknife-Zion-Horseheaven Historical Society, which owns and operates the site, jokes that Foster Farm is the "First destination resort in the Oregon Territory."</p><br>
<p>Some students at the nearby Summit Learning Charter school come to volunteer and help with tours. They also help with events, and when you arrive at the Farm, are dressed as Pioneers. Coming by is a lovely way to further your child&#39;s knowledge of Oregon History.</p><br>
<p>The Schuyler County Courthouse Complex is a historic courthouse complex located on North Frankln Street between 9th and 10th Streets in Watkins Glen in Schuyler County, New York. It consists of a three building government complex. The courthouse, built in 1855, is a two-story, rectangular brick building on a stone foundation. It features an inseted square tower with an ogee roof and weather vane. It also has a small pedimented porch supported by Doric order columns. The Sheriffs residence is a two-story brick structure with hipped roof and cupola. The third building is the one story Clerks office that measures 22 feet by 38 feet.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Schuyler County Courthouse, Watkins Glen, New York.jpgSchuyler County Courthouse, June 1993</p><br>
<p>Evergreen Cemetery is a historic cemetery in the Brighton neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It was established in 1850 by the town of Brighton , and was laid out in the then-fashionable rural cemetery style inspired by Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge. Its entrance gate was built in 1892, and its Jacobethan office building was added in 1903. The older portions of the cemetery are characterized by winding lanes , with outcrops of Roxbury puddingstone.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was listed the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Richard Hamilton Taylor, Medal of Honor recipient</p><br>
<p>William Wirt Warren, US Congressman 1875-77</p><br>
<p>Horatio Julius Homer, 1st African American Boston Police Officer 1848-1923</p><br>
<p>Cooper&#39;s Mill, also known as Tom Cooper Mill, is a historic grist mill located of County Route 27 near Jumping Branch, Summers County, West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The original mill was built in 1869, and was an 18 feet long by 16 feet wide building constructed of squared logs with "V"-notched corners. In 1930, the original superstructure was dismantled down to the last five log courses, and a 2 1/2 story wood frame building was erected over the logs and the original sandstone foundation. The mill is sheathed in board and batten siding and topped by a gable roof.</p><br>
<p>In 1930, a new waterwheel by the Fitz Water Wheel Company of Hanover, Pennsylvania was added to the mill. Also on the property is a blacksmith&#39;s shop dated to about 1900.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
